exam-ready objective material for Chapter 1 – Sociology and Society.
- 10 Objective (MCQ) Questions
- 10 One-word Questions & Answers
- 10 Short Answer Questions (with 30 words answers)
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
Q1. Who is called the father of Sociology?
a) Karl Marx
b) Auguste Comte
c) Max Weber
d) Émile Durkheim
✅ Answer: (b) Auguste Comte
Q2. The book The Sociological Imagination was written by –
a) Herbert Spencer
b) C. Wright Mills
c) Talcott Parsons
d) M. N. Srinivas
✅ Answer: (b) C. Wright Mills
Q3. Sociology is the study of –
a) Nature
b) Human society
c) Machines
d) Literature
✅ Answer: (b) Human society
Q4. Which is the primary agency of socialization?
a) School
b) Family
c) Media
d) Peer group
✅ Answer: (b) Family
Q5. ‘Survival of the Fittest’ theory was given by –
a) Max Weber
b) Karl Marx
c) Herbert Spencer
d) Durkheim
✅ Answer: (c) Herbert Spencer
Q6. According to Weber, legitimate power is called –
a) Domination
b) Force
c) Authority
d) Control
✅ Answer: (c) Authority
Q7. Cultural Lag concept was given by –
a) Ogburn
b) Frazer
c) Malinowski
d) Comte
✅ Answer: (a) Ogburn
Q8. Which book was written by M. N. Srinivas?
a) Social Change in Modern India
b) The Golden Bough
c) Division of Labour
d) Capital
✅ Answer: (a) Social Change in Modern India
Q9. Sociology emerged mainly in which century?
a) 15th
b) 16th
c) 18th–19th
d) 20th
✅ Answer: (c) 18th–19th
Q10. Which one is an example of ascribed status?
a) Teacher
b) Age
c) Occupation
d) Education
✅ Answer: (b) Age
Part B – One Word Questions & Answers
Q1. Who coined the term Sociology?
✔ Auguste Comte
Q2. What does ‘Socius’ mean?
✔ Companion
Q3. Which method involves living with the group being studied?
✔ Participant Observation
Q4. Who gave the concept of Alienation?
✔ Karl Marx
Q5. What is the first national park of India?
✔ Corbett National Park
Q6. What is Sociology the study of?
✔ Society
Q7. Who propounded Protestant Ethic theory?
✔ Max Weber
Q8. What is society a web of?
✔ Social Relationships
Q9. Who wrote The Golden Bough?
✔ James Frazer
Q10. How many characteristics of caste system did G. S. Ghurye mention?
✔ Six
Part C – Short Answer Questions (30 words each)
Q1. Define Sociology.
Answer: Sociology is the scientific study of human society, social institutions, and social relationships. It examines how society influences individual behavior and how society changes over time.
Q2. Distinguish between Sociology and Common Sense.
Answer: Sociology is based on scientific methods, evidence, and objectivity, while common sense is based on personal beliefs, experiences, and may be biased or incorrect.
Q3. What is meant by Sociological Imagination?
Answer: Sociological Imagination, a concept by C. Wright Mills, is the ability to connect personal problems with wider social issues, linking individual life with societal structures.
Q4. What are pluralities in society?
Answer: Pluralities mean diversity in society such as language, religion, caste, gender, and region. Indian society is full of pluralities with multiple cultures and communities.
Q5. What are inequalities in society?
Answer: Inequalities are differences that create advantage for some and disadvantage for others. They can be economic, social, educational, or gender-based.
Q6. What is the role of family in socialization?
Answer: Family plays a key role in primary socialization, teaching children language, culture, values, norms, and shaping personality in the early years of life.
Q7. Explain the concept of Alienation.
Answer: Alienation, given by Karl Marx, is the feeling of separation of workers from their work, product, and themselves under capitalist production systems.
Q8. What is Authority according to Max Weber?
Answer: Authority is legitimate power which people accept willingly. Weber classified authority into traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal authority.
Q9. Explain Organic Solidarity.
Answer: Organic solidarity, explained by Émile Durkheim, is social unity in industrial society where people depend on each other due to division of labour.
Q10. What is Ethnocentrism?
Answer: Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own culture is superior and judging other cultures through the standards of one’s own society.
